CITED FROM: http://www.jnto.go.jp/tips/practical5.html
http://www.westjr.co.jp/kou/english/tickets/index2.html
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       Japan Rail Pass
       The Japan Rail Pass provides virtually unlimited travel on the
       national network of JR railways, including the Shinkansen " bullet
       trains " (with the sole exception of the new " Nozomi "
       super-express). A 7-day pass costs 28,300 yen (which is, for
       example, 3,920 yen less than the round-trip fare from Narita
       Airport to Kyoto via Tokyo). Exchange Orders for the pass can be
       purchased at overseas offices of the Japan Travel Bureau
       International, Nippon Travel Agency, Kinki Nippon Tourist, Tokyu
       Tourist Corporation and other associated local travel agents; or
       at an overseas Japan Airlines office, if traveling by Japan
       Airlines.

       You may purchase a Japan Rail Pass if you are a foreign tourist
       visiting Japan from abroad for sightseeing, under the entry status
       of " temporary visitor. " Only those visitors who have " temporary
       visitor " stamped in their passport, on entering Japan, can
       receive the Japan Rail Pass on presention of the passport with the
       Exchange Order.
       The Japan Rail Pass cannot be purchased in Japan. The Exchange
       Order must be obtained in your home country before you depart.

-------Price listing for Japan Rail pass.

                       ORDINARY
                       Adults
        7-Day          28,300 yen
        14-Day         45,100 yen
        21-day         57,700 yen
       Note:Pass prices for children aged 6 to 11 years are half of the
       above prices.

       To book tickets for long-distance trains, follow either one of two
       different procedures.

         1. If you did not have your Japan Rail Pass validated, or did
            not make seat reservation at the JR (Japan Railway) Travel
            Service Center at the airport of arrival, go to one of the JR
            Travel Centers downtown. In Tokyo, one is located at the
            Yaesu north-exit concourse of Tokyo Station, and is open
            10:00 a.m. to 6:00 p.m. daily. If you have already validated
            your Pass and need only to make seat reservations, go to any
            " Green Window " or Midori-no-madoguchi counter at major JR
            stations.
         2. If you don't have the Japan Rail Pass, the JR Travel Service
            Center or the major travel agents can assist you with your
            travel arrangements.

       JR East and JR West both provide their own regional JR Passes, for
       Eastern Honshu and Western Honshu respectively.


ANOTHER INFORMATION
CITED FROM http://www.malcomson.com/explore/survival/tvltips.htm There are three types of pass, the JR-East Rail Pass, and two types of JR-West Rail Passes: the Sanyo Area Pass & the Kansai Area Pass. The Sanyo Area Pass is valid on all services of the Sanyo Shinkansen running from Osaka via Kobe, Okayama and Hiroshima to Fukuoka (Hakata), as well as on all JR lines in the Osaka metropolitan area (inlcuding Kansai International Airport). Period Adult (12+) 4-day 20,000 Yen 8-day 30,000 Yen The Kansai Area Pass covers all JR-West lines between Kyoto in the east, and Himeji in the west, including Nara, Kansai International Airport, Uji and Hozu Gorge. Period Adult (12+) 1-day 2,000 Yen 4-day 6,000 Yen The JR-East Pass is valid on all JR-East services including five shinkansen lines and 67 conventional lines. It is valid on the Narita Express linking Tokyo with Narita Aiport, and the Yamanote (loop) and Chuo (central) line in Tokyo. The Shinkansen lines include the brand-new Akita Shinkansen linking Morioka with Lake Tazawa and Akita, and the Hokuriku Shinkansen, linking Tokyo with Nagano. Period 5-day 10-day Adult 20,000Yen 32,000 Yen Best value of all is the 4-day flexible pass, costing the same as the 5-day pass. It is valid for one month and does not require journeys to be made on consecutive days. Note: Neither of the new passes are valid on the Tokaido Shinkansen linking Tokyo with Kyoto and Osaka, or any other lines operated by Central Japan Railway Company (JR Tokai), JR Hokkaido, JR Kyushu or JR Shikoku. Keep in mind that a journey from Tokyo to Fukuoka is about 20,000JPY one way, so the original JR Pass is only effective if you are planning to go a long distance. Also be aware of the 'I've got to get my money's worth' syndrome. Decide where you want to go, then decide which ticket is best. It's easy to be tempted to go as many places as possible just because it won't cost you any more. I've made that mistake a few times, and my dominant memories are of railway platforms, timetables, and un-appetizing 'eki-ben' (station boxed lunches). Allow yourself at least a few days in each place. Also remember that many of the railways in the Tokyo and Osaka areas are private, and will not accept the pass. Even with the new passes, you have to do a lot of travelling to get value for money. With simple Kyoto-Osaka journeys for example, you're probably better off taking the private Keihan line. In Osaka and Tokyo, the private lines are usually cheaper when buying individual tickets. Having said that, the Japan Rail Pass is an excellent way to meet up with far-flung friends, get to the more extreme parts of the archipelago, or just satisfy your wanderlust. (see JTB's Rail Pass page for detailed information.)
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