{"id":1786,"date":"2019-12-18T16:19:01","date_gmt":"2019-12-18T07:19:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/home.hiroshima-u.ac.jp\/~mafujii\/?page_id=1786"},"modified":"2025-12-18T10:12:14","modified_gmt":"2025-12-18T01:12:14","slug":"%e8%a8%88%e7%ae%97%e6%95%b0%e5%ad%a6%e6%bc%94%e7%bf%92%e7%ac%ac%ef%bc%96%e5%9b%9e","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/home.hiroshima-u.ac.jp\/~mafujii\/%e6%8e%88%e6%a5%ad%e8%b3%87%e6%96%99\/%e8%a8%88%e7%ae%97%e6%95%b0%e5%ad%a6%e6%bc%94%e7%bf%92\/%e8%a8%88%e7%ae%97%e6%95%b0%e5%ad%a6%e6%bc%94%e7%bf%92%e7%ac%ac%ef%bc%96%e5%9b%9e\/","title":{"rendered":"\u8a08\u7b97\u6570\u5b66\u6f14\u7fd2\u7b2c\uff16\u56de"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_82_2 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">\u30b3\u30f3\u30c6\u30f3\u30c4<\/p>\n<label for=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-69eb94cdabdc6\" class=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-label\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/label><input type=\"checkbox\"  id=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-69eb94cdabdc6\" checked 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href=\"https:\/\/home.hiroshima-u.ac.jp\/~mafujii\/%e6%8e%88%e6%a5%ad%e8%b3%87%e6%96%99\/%e8%a8%88%e7%ae%97%e6%95%b0%e5%ad%a6%e6%bc%94%e7%bf%92\/%e8%a8%88%e7%ae%97%e6%95%b0%e5%ad%a6%e6%bc%94%e7%bf%92%e7%ac%ac%ef%bc%96%e5%9b%9e\/#%e8%aa%b2%e9%a1%8c%ef%bc%97\" >\u8ab2\u984c\uff17<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/home.hiroshima-u.ac.jp\/~mafujii\/%e6%8e%88%e6%a5%ad%e8%b3%87%e6%96%99\/%e8%a8%88%e7%ae%97%e6%95%b0%e5%ad%a6%e6%bc%94%e7%bf%92\/%e8%a8%88%e7%ae%97%e6%95%b0%e5%ad%a6%e6%bc%94%e7%bf%92%e7%ac%ac%ef%bc%96%e5%9b%9e\/#%e5%b0%8f%e3%83%8d%e3%82%bf\" >\u5c0f\u30cd\u30bf<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/home.hiroshima-u.ac.jp\/~mafujii\/%e6%8e%88%e6%a5%ad%e8%b3%87%e6%96%99\/%e8%a8%88%e7%ae%97%e6%95%b0%e5%ad%a6%e6%bc%94%e7%bf%92\/%e8%a8%88%e7%ae%97%e6%95%b0%e5%ad%a6%e6%bc%94%e7%bf%92%e7%ac%ac%ef%bc%96%e5%9b%9e\/#%e8%aa%b2%e9%a1%8c%ef%bc%98%ef%bc%88%e5%bf%9c%e7%94%a8%e5%95%8f%e9%a1%8c%ef%bc%89\" >\u8ab2\u984c\uff18\uff08\u5fdc\u7528\u554f\u984c\uff09<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/home.hiroshima-u.ac.jp\/~mafujii\/%e6%8e%88%e6%a5%ad%e8%b3%87%e6%96%99\/%e8%a8%88%e7%ae%97%e6%95%b0%e5%ad%a6%e6%bc%94%e7%bf%92\/%e8%a8%88%e7%ae%97%e6%95%b0%e5%ad%a6%e6%bc%94%e7%bf%92%e7%ac%ac%ef%bc%96%e5%9b%9e\/#%e8%aa%b2%e9%a1%8c%ef%bc%99%ef%bc%88%e5%bf%9c%e7%94%a8%e5%95%8f%e9%a1%8c%ef%bc%89\" >\u8ab2\u984c\uff19\uff08\u5fdc\u7528\u554f\u984c\uff09<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%e5%ae%9a%e7%a9%8d%e5%88%86%e3%81%ae%e8%bf%91%e4%bc%bc%e5%80%a4\"><\/span>\u5b9a\u7a4d\u5206\u306e\u8fd1\u4f3c\u5024<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u3053\u308c\u307e\u3067for\u6587\u3092\u4f7f\u3046\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3001<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/home.hiroshima-u.ac.jp\/~mafujii\/wordpress\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-58f087ff7f86b39fa0be9f1ec7f83572_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#92;&#115;&#117;&#109;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"18\" width=\"18\" style=\"vertical-align: -5px;\"\/>\u3084<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/home.hiroshima-u.ac.jp\/~mafujii\/wordpress\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-20ea8ebc5751fa591e0704ec8eaafce8_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#92;&#112;&#114;&#111;&#100;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"18\" width=\"16\" style=\"vertical-align: -5px;\"\/>\u3092\u8868\u73fe\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u5b9f\u611f\u3057\u3066\u3082\u3089\u3063\u305f\u3068\u601d\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<br \/>\n\u305d\u3053\u3067\u3001\u7a4d\u5206\u304c\u548c\u306e\u6975\u9650\u3060\u3068\u3044\u3046\u3053\u3068\u3092\u4f7f\u3046\u3068\uff0c\u8a08\u7b97\u6a5f\u3067\u5b9a\u7a4d\u5206\u306e\u8fd1\u4f3c\u5024\u3092\u7c21\u5358\u306b\u8a08\u7b97\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002<br \/>\n\u4ee5\u4e0b\u306f\u5b9a\u7a4d\u5206<\/p>\n<p class=\"ql-center-displayed-equation\" style=\"line-height: 44px;\"><span class=\"ql-right-eqno\"> &nbsp; <\/span><span class=\"ql-left-eqno\"> &nbsp; <\/span><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/home.hiroshima-u.ac.jp\/~mafujii\/wordpress\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-2a00e9770466b148bfd4eb9cd92d66e8_l3.png\" height=\"44\" width=\"141\" class=\"ql-img-displayed-equation quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#92;&#91;&#102;&#32;&#61;&#32;&#92;&#105;&#110;&#116;&#95;&#48;&#94;&#49;&#32;&#40;&#49;&#45;&#120;&#94;&#50;&#41;&#100;&#120;&#92;&#93;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\"\/><\/p>\n<p>\u306e\u8fd1\u4f3c\u5024\u3092\uff08\u533a\u5206\u6c42\u7a4d\u6cd5\u3092\u4f7f\u3063\u3066\uff09\u6c42\u3081\u308b\u30d7\u30ed\u30b0\u30e9\u30e0\u3067\u3059\u3002<br \/>\nintegration-1.\uff43\u3068\u3057\u3066\u6253\u3061\u8fbc\u307f\u5b9f\u884c\u3057\u3066\u304f\u3060\u3055\u3044\u3002<br \/>\n\u30d7\u30ed\u30b0\u30e9\u30e0\u306e\u6982\u8981\u306f\u4ee5\u4e0b\u306e\u901a\u308a\u3002<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\u307e\u305a\u7a4d\u5206\u533a\u9593\uff080\uff5e a\uff09\u3092\u3001 N \u500b\uff08i = 0,&#8230;, N-1\uff09\u306e\u3001\u5e45 d = a\/N \u306e\u9818\u57df\u306b\u5206\u5272\u3002<\/li>\n<li>i \u756a\u76ee\u306e\u9818\u57df\u306e\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff08x = (i+0.5)*d\uff09\u3067\u306e\u95a2\u6570\u306e\u5024\uff08y = f(x)=1 &#8211; x*x\uff09\u3092\u9ad8\u3055\u3068\u3059\u308b\u9577\u65b9\u5f62\u306e\u9762\u7a4d\u304c y*d \u3068\u5f97\u3089\u308c\u308b\u306e\u3067\u3001\u305d\u308c\u3089\u3092\u5168\u533a\u9593\u306b\u6e21\u3063\u3066\u8db3\u3057\u5408\u308f\u305b\u308b\u3002\uff08\u7d19\u306b\u7d75\u3092\u63cf\u3044\u3066\u307f\u308b\u3068\u3059\u3050\u5206\u304b\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\uff09<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-2781\" src=\"https:\/\/home.hiroshima-u.ac.jp\/~mafujii\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/numerical_integral.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1727\" height=\"891\" srcset=\"https:\/\/home.hiroshima-u.ac.jp\/~mafujii\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/numerical_integral.png 1727w, https:\/\/home.hiroshima-u.ac.jp\/~mafujii\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/numerical_integral-300x155.png 300w, https:\/\/home.hiroshima-u.ac.jp\/~mafujii\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/numerical_integral-1024x528.png 1024w, https:\/\/home.hiroshima-u.ac.jp\/~mafujii\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/numerical_integral-768x396.png 768w, https:\/\/home.hiroshima-u.ac.jp\/~mafujii\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/numerical_integral-1536x792.png 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1727px) 100vw, 1727px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><strong><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">integral-1.c<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"c\">#include &lt;stdio.h&gt;\r\n \r\nint main() {\r\n    \/* \u5b9f\u6570\u578b\u5909\u6570\u306e\u5ba3\u8a00 *\/\r\n    double f, x, y, a, d;\r\n    \r\n    \/* \u6574\u6570\u578b\u5909\u6570\u306e\u5ba3\u8a00 *\/\r\n    int i, N;\r\n    \r\n    \/* \u7a4d\u5206\u7bc4\u56f2 \u3092\u4ee3\u5165 *\/\r\n    a = 1.0;\r\n    \r\n    \/* \u5206\u5272\u6570 N \u3092\u4ee3\u5165 *\/\r\n    N = 100;\r\n    \r\n    \/* \u5206\u5272\u306e\u5e45 d \u3092\u8a08\u7b97. \u6574\u6570\u578b\u5909\u6570 N \u3092,\u3053\u3053\u3067\u3060\u3051\u5b9f\u6570\u578b\u3068\u3057\u3066\u6271\u3063\u3066\u8a08\u7b97(\u4e0b\u306e\u6ce8\u3092\u53c2\u8003)*\/\r\n    d = a \/ (double)(N);\r\n    \r\n    \/* f\u306e\u521d\u671f\u5316 *\/\r\n    f = 0.0;\r\n    \r\n    \/* \u7a4d\u5206\u3092\u8a08\u7b97\u3059\u308b\u7e70\u308a\u8fd4\u3057\u6587 *\/\r\n    for (i = 0; i &lt; N; i++) {\r\n       x = (i+0.5) * d;\r\n       y = 1.0 - x * x;\r\n       f = f + y * d; \r\n    }\r\n    \r\n    \/* \u7d50\u679c\u3092\u8868\u793a *\/\r\n    printf(\" \u7b54\u3048 %lf \\n\", f);\r\n    \r\n    return 0;\r\n}<\/pre>\n<p>&#8211; &#8211; &#8211; &#8211; &#8211; &#8211; &#8211; &#8211; &#8211; &#8211; &#8211; &#8211; &#8211; &#8211; &#8211; &#8211;<br \/>\n\u5206\u5272\u6570 N \u3092\u5927\u304d\u304f\u3059\u308b\u3068\uff08\u4f8b\u3048\u3070 10 -&gt; 100 -&gt; 1000 \u3068\u3057\u3066\u3044\u304f\u3068\uff09\uff0c2\/3=0.66666\u30fb\u30fb\u30fb\u306b\u8fd1\u3065\u304f\u3053\u3068\u3092\u78ba\u8a8d\u3057\u3066\u304f\u3060\u3055\u3044\u3002<br \/>\n<strong> <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">\u6ce8\uff1a\u30d7\u30ed\u30b0\u30e9\u30e0\u306e\u9014\u4e2d\u3067\u3001\u4e00\u6642\u7684\u306b\u5909\u6570\u306e\u578b\u3092\u5909\u66f4\u3059\u308b\u3068\u4fbf\u5229\u306a\u4e8b\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\uff08\u4e0a\u306e\u4f8b\u3067\u306e N, i \u7b49\uff09\u3053\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u5834\u5408\u300c(\u4e00\u6642\u7684\u306b\u4f7f\u7528\u3057\u305f\u3044\u5909\u6570\u306e\u578b)(\u5909\u6570)\u300d\u3068\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3001\u4e00\u6642\u7684\u306b\u305d\u306e\u90e8\u5206\u3067\u306e\u307f\u6307\u5b9a\u3057\u305f\u578b\u306e\u5909\u6570\u3068\u3057\u3066\u6271\u3046\u4e8b\u304c\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3064\u307e\u308a, \u4f8b\u3048\u3070\u30d7\u30ed\u30b0\u30e9\u30e0\u59cb\u3081\u3067 double a; \u3068\u5ba3\u8a00\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u3066\u3082\u3001\u3042\u308b\u6587\u4e2d\u3067 (int)(a) \u66f8\u304b\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308c\u3070\u3001\u305d\u306e\u90e8\u5206\u306e\u307f\u3067\u306f a \u306f int \u578b\u5909\u6570\u3068\u3057\u3066\u6271\u308f\u308c\u307e\u3059\uff08\u305d\u306e\u90e8\u5206\u4ee5\u5916\u306e\u3068\u3053\u308d\u3067\u306f\u3001\u59cb\u3081\u306b\u5ba3\u8a00\u3055\u308c\u305f\u578b\u3067\u6271\u308f\u308c\u307e\u3059\uff09\u3002(int)(a), (double)(N) \u7b49, \u6574\u6570\u578b, \u5b9f\u6570\u578b\u3069\u3061\u3089\u3067\u3082\u4f7f\u7528\u53ef\u3067\u3059\uff08\u4f8b\u3048\u3070 a = 2.9 \u7b49\u306e\u5834\u5408\u3000(int)(a) \u306f 2 \u3068\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\u5b9f\u6570\u578b\u5909\u6570\u3092\u6574\u6570\u578b\u306b\u3057\u305f\u5834\u5408\u3001\u5c0f\u6570\u70b9\u4ee5\u4e0b\u306f 0 \u306b\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%e8%aa%b2%e9%a1%8c%ef%bc%91\"><\/span><u>\u8ab2\u984c\uff11<\/u><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>\u4f8b\u3048\u3070\u7a4d\u5206\u533a\u9593\u3092 -2 \uff5e 3 \u3068\u3057\u305f\u5834\u5408\u306e\u5b9a\u7a4d\u5206\u306e\u8fd1\u4f3c\u5024\u3092\u8a08\u7b97\u6c42\u3081\u3088\u3002<br \/>\n\u307e\u305f\u9069\u5f53\u306a\u95a2\u6570\u3001\u7a4d\u5206\u533a\u9593\u3067\u3044\u308d\u3044\u308d\u8a08\u7b97\u3057\u3066\u307f\u3066\u307f\u3088\u3002<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%e6%95%b0%e5%ad%a6%e9%96%a2%e6%95%b0\"><\/span>\u6570\u5b66\u95a2\u6570<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%e6%95%b0%e5%ad%a6%e9%96%a2%e6%95%b0%e3%81%ae%e4%bd%bf%e3%81%84%e6%96%b9\"><\/span>\u6570\u5b66\u95a2\u6570\u306e\u4f7f\u3044\u65b9<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>C\u8a00\u8a9e\u3067\u306f\u4e0b\u8a18\u30d7\u30ed\u30b0\u30e9\u30e0\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u3001\u69d8\u3005\u306a\u6570\u5b66\u95a2\u6570\u3092\u7528\u3044\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002<br \/>\n\u4f8b\u3048\u3070\u4ee5\u4e0b\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u30d7\u30ed\u30b0\u30e9\u30e0\u3067\u3001\u4e09\u89d2\u95a2\u6570\u306e\u8a08\u7b97\u3084\u5e73\u65b9\u6839\u7b49\u306e\u5229\u7528\u304c\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002<br \/>\n\uff08math-1.c \u3068\u3057\u3066\u6253\u3061\u8fbc\u3093\u3067\u307f\u3066\u304f\u3060\u3055\u3044\u3002\uff09<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><strong>math-1.c<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"c\">#include &lt;stdio.h&gt;\r\n#include &lt;math.h&gt;\r\n \r\nint main() {\r\n    double pi,a,x,y,z,r;\r\n    \r\n    pi = 3.14159265;\r\n    a = 3.0;\r\n    r = 10.0;\r\n    \r\n    \/*\u4e09\u89d2\u95a2\u6570\u306e\u8a08\u7b97 *\/\r\n    x = r*cos(pi\/a);\r\n    y = r*sin(pi\/a);\r\n    \r\n    \/*\u5e73\u65b9\u6839\u306e\u8a08\u7b97 *\/\r\n    z = sqrt(x*x + y*y);\r\n    \r\n    printf(\"10*cos(pi\/3.0)=%lf, 10*sin(pi\/3.0)=%lf \\n\", x, y);\r\n    printf(\"A square root of (x*x+y*y) is %lf \\n\", z);\r\n    \r\n    return 0;\r\n}<\/pre>\n<p>\u6570\u5b66\u95a2\u6570\u3092\u7528\u3044\u308b\u5834\u5408\u306b\u306f\u3001<br \/>\n#include &lt;math.h&gt; \u3092\u30d7\u30ed\u30b0\u30e9\u30e0\u306e\u5148\u982d\u4ed8\u8fd1\u306b\u66f8\u304d\u5165\u308c\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3068\u3001\u30b3\u30f3\u30d1\u30a4\u30eb\u6642\u306b\u3001<br \/>\n\u30d5\u30a1\u30a4\u30eb\u540d\u3092 math-1.c \u3068\u3059\u308b\u3068\u3001<br \/>\n<code>gcc math-1.c -o math-1 <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">-lm<\/span><\/code><br \/>\n\u3068\u3044\u3046\u3075\u3046\u306b\u3001<span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">\u6700\u5f8c\u306b -lm \u3092\u4ed8\u3051\u8db3\u3059\u5fc5\u8981\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059<\/span>\u3002<br \/>\nsin(), cos(), sqrt()\u306e\u4ed6\u306b, exp(), tan(), log() \u306a\u3069\u3044\u308d\u3044\u308d\u7528\u610f\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<br \/>\n\u3055\u3089\u306b\u3001\u5186\u5468\u7387<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/home.hiroshima-u.ac.jp\/~mafujii\/wordpress\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-26d6788550ffd50fe94542bb3e8ee615_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#92;&#112;&#105;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"8\" width=\"11\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"\/>\u3082\u5909\u6570&#8221;M_PI&#8221;\u3068\u3057\u3066\u5ba3\u8a00\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u306e\u3067\u3001\u4eca\u5f8c\u306f\u3053\u3061\u3089\u3092\u4f7f\u3063\u3066\u3082\u826f\u3044\u3067\u3059\u3002<br \/>\n\uff08\u6b21\u56de\u4ee5\u964d\u3001\u3088\u304f\u4f7f\u3046\u4e8b\u306b\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059.\uff09<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%e8%aa%b2%e9%a1%8c%ef%bc%92\"><\/span><u>\u8ab2\u984c\uff12<br \/>\n<\/u><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>\u5b9f\u6570x \u306e\u5024\u306e\u5165\u529b\u3092\u4fc3\u3057\u3001sin(x)\u3001cos(x)\u3001tan(x)\u306e\u5024\u3092\u51fa\u529b\u3059\u308b\u30d7\u30ed\u30b0\u30e9\u30e0\u3092\u4f5c\u6210\u305b\u3088\u3002<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%e8%aa%b2%e9%a1%8c%ef%bc%93\"><\/span><u>\u8ab2\u984c\uff13<\/u><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>\u5b9f\u6570x , h\u306e\u5024\u306e\u5165\u529b\u3092\u4fc3\u3057\u3001(sin(x + h) \u2013 sin(x) )\/ h\u3001cos(x)\u306e\u5024\u3092\u51fa\u529b\u3059\u308b\u30d7\u30ed\u30b0\u30e9\u30e0\u3092\u4f5c\u6210\u305b\u3088\u3002<br \/>\n\u307e\u305f\u3001\u540c\u3058x\u306e\u5024\u3092\u4e0e\u3048\u305f\u5834\u5408\u3067\u3001h = 0.1, 0.01, 0.001\u3068\u304a\u3044\u305f\u3068\u304d\u306e\u51fa\u529b\u3092\u78ba\u8a8d\u305b\u3088\u3002<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%e8%aa%b2%e9%a1%8c%ef%bc%94\"><\/span><u>\u8ab2\u984c\uff14<\/u><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>\u4e8c\u7b49\u8fba\u4e09\u89d2\u5f62ABC\u306e\u89d2A\u306e\u5927\u304d\u3055\u3092x (rad)\u3001\u8fbaAB\u3068\u8fbaAC\u306e\u9577\u3055\u3092\u5171\u306bL\u3068\u3059\u308b\u3002<br \/>\nx\u3068L\u306e\u5024\u306e\u5165\u529b\u3092\u4fc3\u3057\u3001\u8fbaBC\u306e\u9577\u3055\u3092\u6c42\u3081\u308b\u30d7\u30ed\u30b0\u30e9\u30e0\u3092\u4f5c\u6210\u305b\u3088\u3002<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%e8%aa%b2%e9%a1%8c%ef%bc%95\"><\/span><u>\u8ab2\u984c\uff15<\/u><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>\u6574\u6570N\u306e\u5165\u529b\u3092\u4fc3\u3057\u3001\u534a\u5f84\uff11\uff10\u306e\u5186\u306b\u5185\u63a5\u3059\u308b\u6b63N\u89d2\u5f62\u306e\u5468\u308a\u306e\u9577\u3055\u3001\u9762\u7a4d\u3092\u6c42\u3081\u308b\u30d7\u30ed\u30b0\u30e9\u30e0\u3092\u4f5c\u6210\u305b\u3088\u3002<br \/>\n\uff08\u6b63\u56db\u89d2\u5f62\u3001\u6b63\u516d\u89d2\u5f62\u306e\u5834\u5408\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u6b63\u3057\u3044\u7b54\u3048\u306b\u306a\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u3001\u307e\u305fN\u304c\u5927\u304d\u3044\u5834\u5408\u306b\u5186\u306b\u8fd1\u3044\u5024\u3092\u3068\u308b\u304b\u3001\u5404\u81ea\u8a66\u3057\u3066\u307f\u3088\uff09<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%e8%aa%b2%e9%a1%8c%ef%bc%96\"><\/span><u>\u8ab2\u984c\uff16<\/u><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>\u5b9f\u6570L&gt;0\u306e\u5165\u529b\u3092\u4fc3\u3057\u3001<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/home.hiroshima-u.ac.jp\/~mafujii\/wordpress\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-dfe22ff1b796fa3755f7f7e79b79f763_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#124;&#115;&#105;&#110;&#40;&#120;&#41;&#124;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"19\" width=\"55\" style=\"vertical-align: -5px;\"\/>\u3092x\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u533a\u9593[0, L]\u3067\u7a4d\u5206\u3059\u308b\u30d7\u30ed\u30b0\u30e9\u30e0\u3092\u4f5c\u6210\u305b\u3088\u3002<br \/>\n\u5b9f\u6570\u578b\u5909\u6570\u306e\u7d76\u5bfe\u5024\u306f\u6570\u5b66\u95a2\u6570fabs()\u3092\u3082\u3061\u3044\u3066\u8a08\u7b97\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3002\uff08\u4f8b\uff1a\u5b9f\u6570\u578b\u5909\u6570x\u306e\u7d76\u5bfe\u5024\u306ffabs(x) \uff09<br \/>\n\u305f\u3060\u3057\u3001\u533a\u9593\u306e\u5206\u5272\u6570n\u306f\uff11\uff10\uff10\uff10\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3068\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%e6%96%b9%e7%a8%8b%e5%bc%8f%e3%81%ae%e8%a7%a3%e3%81%ae%e6%b1%82%e3%82%81%e6%96%b9%ef%bc%88%e6%9c%80%e3%82%82%e7%b0%a1%e5%8d%98%e3%81%aa%e4%be%8b%ef%bc%89\"><\/span>\u65b9\u7a0b\u5f0f\u306e\u89e3\u306e\u6c42\u3081\u65b9\uff08\u6700\u3082\u7c21\u5358\u306a\u4f8b\uff09<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u533a\u5206\u6c42\u7a4d\u6cd5\u3068\u540c\u3058\u3088\u3046\u306b\u533a\u9593\u3092\u533a\u5207\u3063\u3066\u8003\u3048\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3001\u5b9a\u7fa9\u57df\u304c\u5b9a\u3081\u3089\u308c\u305f\u65b9\u7a0b\u5f0f\u306e\u89e3\u3092\u8fd1\u4f3c\u7684\uff08\u6570\u5024\u7684\u306b\uff09\u306b\u6c42\u3081\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3082\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002\u4f8b\u3048\u3070\u3001\u65b9\u7a0b\u5f0f\u306e\u4f8b\u3068\u3057\u3066<\/p>\n<p class=\"ql-center-displayed-equation\" style=\"line-height: 22px;\"><span class=\"ql-right-eqno\"> &nbsp; <\/span><span class=\"ql-left-eqno\"> &nbsp; <\/span><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/home.hiroshima-u.ac.jp\/~mafujii\/wordpress\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-845a1e9704fe18a30e187d9c92c5bc10_l3.png\" height=\"22\" width=\"195\" class=\"ql-img-displayed-equation quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#92;&#91;&#120;&#94;&#50;&#45;&#52;&#46;&#49;&#61;&#48;&#126;&#126;&#40;&#49;&#92;&#108;&#101;&#32;&#120;&#92;&#108;&#101;&#32;&#51;&#41;&#92;&#93;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\"\/><\/p>\n<p>\u3092\u8003\u3048\u3066\u307f\u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046\u3002\u6570\u5024\u7684\u306b\u6c42\u3081\u308b\u5fc5\u8981\u3082\u306a\u304f\u3001\u5b9a\u7fa9\u57df\u3067\u306e\u89e3\u306f<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/home.hiroshima-u.ac.jp\/~mafujii\/wordpress\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-1767dd3942c1f70bd444c44b5af4f363_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#120;&#61;&#92;&#115;&#113;&#114;&#116;&#123;&#52;&#46;&#49;&#125;&#61;&#50;&#46;&#48;&#50;&#52;&#56;&#52;&#53;&#54;&#55;&#92;&#99;&#100;&#111;&#116;&#115;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"18\" width=\"202\" style=\"vertical-align: -2px;\"\/>\u306e1\u3064\u306e\u307f\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306f\u660e\u767d\u3067\u3057\u3087\u3046\u3002\u3053\u308c\u3092\u3042\u3048\u3066\u6570\u5024\u7684\u306b\u89e3\u3044\u3066\u307f\u307e\u3059\u3002\u4e0b\u306e\u56f3\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u7dda\u5f62\u8fd1\u4f3c\u304c\u6700\u3082\u7c21\u5358\u306a\u65b9\u6cd5\u3067\u3059\u3002<br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-3420\" src=\"https:\/\/home.hiroshima-u.ac.jp\/~mafujii\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/numerical_solve2.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"923\" srcset=\"https:\/\/home.hiroshima-u.ac.jp\/~mafujii\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/numerical_solve2.png 2000w, https:\/\/home.hiroshima-u.ac.jp\/~mafujii\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/numerical_solve2-300x138.png 300w, https:\/\/home.hiroshima-u.ac.jp\/~mafujii\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/numerical_solve2-1024x473.png 1024w, https:\/\/home.hiroshima-u.ac.jp\/~mafujii\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/numerical_solve2-768x354.png 768w, https:\/\/home.hiroshima-u.ac.jp\/~mafujii\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/numerical_solve2-1536x709.png 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>x\u65b9\u5411\u306bN\u5206\u5272\u3057\u3001x\u8ef8\u3092\u8de8\u3050\u533a\u9593\u3092\u898b\u3064\u3051\u3001\u76f4\u7dda\u3067\u8fd1\u4f3c\uff08\u7dda\u5f62\u88dc\u5b8c\u3068\u3044\u3046\uff09\u3057\u3001\u8fd1\u4f3c\u89e3\u3092\u6c42\u3081\u307e\u3059\u3002\u4e0b\u306b\u30b5\u30f3\u30d7\u30eb\u30d7\u30ed\u30b0\u30e9\u30e0\u3092\u7f6e\u3044\u3066\u304a\u304d\u307e\u3059\u306e\u3067\u3001\u53c2\u8003\u306b\u3057\u3066\u304f\u3060\u3055\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><strong>solve.c<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"c\">#include &lt;stdio.h&gt;\r\n#include &lt;math.h&gt;\r\n\r\nint main() {\r\n    int i, N = 10000;\r\n    double x_l, x_r, fx_l, fx_r;\r\n    double a = 1., b = 3.; \/\/ \u5b9a\u7fa9\u57df\u306e\u4e0b\u9650\u3068\u4e0a\u9650\r\n    double d = (double)(b - a)\/N; \/\/ \u523b\u307f\u5e45\r\n    \r\n    \/\/ \u5b9a\u7fa9\u57df\u306e\u4e0b\u9650\u304c\u4ea4\u70b9\u306e\u5834\u5408\r\n    if (a * a - 4.1 == 0.0) {\r\n        printf(\"%lf\u306f\u8fd1\u4f3c\u89e3\u306e1\u3064\u3067\u3059\u3002\\n\", a);\r\n    }\r\n    \r\n    \/\/ \u533a\u9593(x_i,x_{i+1}]\u306e\u7bc4\u56f2\u306b\u4ea4\u70b9\u304c\u306a\u3044\u304b\u3092\u63a2\u3057\u3066\u3044\u304f\r\n    for (i = 0; i &lt; N; i++) {\r\n        x_l = i * d + a; \/\/ x_i\r\n        x_r = (i+1) * d + a; \/\/ x_{i+1}\r\n        fx_l = x_l * x_l - 4.1; \/\/ f(x_i)\r\n        fx_r = x_r * x_r - 4.1; \/\/ f(x_{i+1})\r\n        \r\n        if (fx_r * fx_l &lt;= 0. &amp;&amp; fx_l != 0.) {\r\n            \/\/ \u533a\u9593(x_i,x_{i+1}]\u4ea4\u70b9\u3092\u542b\u3080\u5834\u5408\u306f\u3001\u95a2\u6570\u306e\u7b26\u53f7\u304c\u9006\u8ee2\u3059\u308b\r\n            printf(\"%lf\u306f\u8fd1\u4f3c\u89e3\u306e1\u3064\u3067\u3059\u3002\\n\", x_l + d * fabs(fx_l)\/(fabs(fx_r) + fabs(fx_l)));\r\n        }\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    return 0;\r\n}\r\n<\/pre>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\u203b \u6570\u5024\u8aa4\u5dee\u304c\u767a\u751f\u3059\u308b\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002solve.c\u306e\u5834\u5408\u3001\u672c\u6765\u3067\u3042\u308c\u3070x_l\u3084x_r\u306bN\u3092\u304b\u3051\u305f\u3089\u6574\u6570\u5024\uff08=i\u3084i+1\uff09\u306b\u306a\u308b\u306f\u305a\u3067\u3059\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\u3001\u5b9f\u306fsolve.c\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308bd=2.\/10000\u306f\u30b3\u30f3\u30d4\u30e5\u30fc\u30bf\u306b\u3068\u3063\u3066\u306f\u5207\u308a\u306e\u3044\u3044\u6570\u5b57\u3067\u306f\u3042\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002\u305d\u306e\u305f\u3081\u3001\u5207\u308a\u6368\u3066\u8aa4\u5dee\u3068\u547c\u3070\u308c\u308b\u8aa4\u5dee\u304c\u767a\u751f\u3057\u3001x_l\u3084x_r\u306bN\u3092\u304b\u3051\u3066\u3082\u6574\u6570\u5024\u306b\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%e8%aa%b2%e9%a1%8c%ef%bc%97\"><\/span><u>\u8ab2\u984c\uff17<\/u><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>\u523b\u307f\u6570N\u3092\u5909\u3048\u305f\u3068\u304d\u306b\u8fd1\u4f3c\u89e3\u304c\u3069\u3046\u5909\u308f\u308b\u304b\u78ba\u8a8d\u305b\u3088\u3002<\/p>\n<pre>\u7dda\u5f62\u88dc\u5b8c\u306f\u6700\u3082\u7c21\u5358\u306a\u65b9\u6cd5\u3067\u3059\u304c\u3001\u9ad8\u3044\u7cbe\u5ea6\u3092\u5b9f\u73fe\u3057\u3088\u3046\u3068\u3059\u308b\u3068N\u3092\u975e\u5e38\u306b\u5927\u304d\u304f\u3057\u306a\u3044\u3068\u3044\u3051\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002\u305d\u306e\u305f\u3081\u3001\u4e8c\u5206\u6cd5\u3084\u52fe\u914d\u6cd5\u3068\u3044\u3063\u305f\u3088\u308a\u7cbe\u5ea6\u306e\u9ad8\u3044\u65b9\u6cd5\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u306e\u3067\u3001\u8208\u5473\u304c\u3042\u3063\u305f\u3089\u8abf\u3079\u3066\u307f\u3066\u304f\u3060\u3055\u3044\u3002<\/pre>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%e5%b0%8f%e3%83%8d%e3%82%bf\"><\/span>\u5c0f\u30cd\u30bf<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>\u3069\u308c\u3060\u3051\u7cbe\u5ea6\u3092\u4e0a\u3052\u3088\u3046\u3068\u3082\u3001printf\u95a2\u6570\u3067\u51fa\u529b\u3057\u305f\u7d50\u679c\u306f\u5c0f\u6570\u7b2c\u516d\u4f4d\u307e\u3067\u3067\u3059\u3002\u8868\u793a\u6841\u6570\u3092\u5909\u3048\u308b\u306b\u306f\u3001printf\u95a2\u6570\u5185\u306e%lf\u3092\u5909\u3048\u308b\u5fc5\u8981\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u306fmath.h\u3067\u5b9a\u7fa9\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308bM_PI \uff08<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/home.hiroshima-u.ac.jp\/~mafujii\/wordpress\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-26d6788550ffd50fe94542bb3e8ee615_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#92;&#112;&#105;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"8\" width=\"11\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"\/>\u306e\u3053\u3068\uff09\u3092\u4f7f\u3063\u305f\u8868\u793a\u4f8b\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"c\">%lf    :3.141593\r\n%11lf  :   3.141593\r\n%11.lf :          3\r\n%.11lf :3.14159265359\r\n%03.lf :003\r\n%5.2lf : 3.14\r\n%05.2lf:03.14<\/pre>\n<p>&#8220;%X.Ylf&#8221;\u3068\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3001\u300c\u5c0f\u6570\u70b9\u7b2cY\u4f4d\u307e\u3067\u3001\u304b\u3064\u3001\uff08\u5c0f\u6570\u70b9\u542b\u3081\u3066\uff09\u5168\u90e8\u3067X\u6587\u5b57\u3067\u8868\u793a\u3059\u308b\u300d\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3055\u3089\u306bX\u306e\u524d\u306b0\u3092\u3064\u3051\u308b\u3068\u3001\u5de6\u5074\u306e\u7a7a\u3044\u3066\u3044\u308b\u90e8\u5206\u30920\u3067\u57cb\u3081\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306b\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002&#8221;.Y&#8221;\u304c\u306a\u3044\u5834\u5408\u306f\u3001\u81ea\u52d5\u7684\u306b\u5c0f\u6570\u7b2c\u516d\u4f4d\u307e\u3067\u306b\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p>\u4ee5\u4e0b\u306f\u3053\u308c\u307e\u3067\u306e\u8ab2\u984c\u3092\u7d44\u307f\u5408\u308f\u305b\u3066\u8003\u3048\u308b\u554f\u984c\u3067\u3059\u3002<br \/>\n\u5fc5\u8981\u3067\u3042\u308c\u3070\u3001\u4ea4\u70b9\u306e\u6570\u306f\u8ab2\u984c8\u3067\u306f3\u500b\u3001\u8ab2\u984c9\u3067\u306f4\u500b\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u5229\u7528\u3057\u3066\u69cb\u3044\u307e\u305b\u3093\uff08\u5229\u7528\u3057\u306a\u304f\u3066\u3082\u4f5c\u6210\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306f\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\uff09\u3002\u6d41\u308c\u3068\u3057\u3066\u306f\u3001<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\u7a4d\u5206\u7bc4\u56f2\u3092\u6c7a\u3081\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u3001\u4ea4\u70b9\u3092\u6c42\u3081\u308b<\/li>\n<li>\u6c42\u3081\u305f\u7a4d\u5206\u7bc4\u56f2\u3067\u533a\u5206\u6c42\u7a4d\u6cd5\u3092\u4f7f\u3063\u3066\u7a4d\u5206\u3059\u308b<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u3068\u3044\u3046\u6d41\u308c\u306b\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<br \/>\n\u3053\u308c\u307e\u3067\u306e\u8ab2\u984c\u306e\u4f7f\u3048\u308b\u3068\u3053\u308d\u3092\u7d44\u307f\u5408\u308f\u305b\u3066\u3001\u4e0a\u624b\u304f\u8a08\u7b97\u3057\u3066\u307f\u3066\u304f\u3060\u3055\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%e8%aa%b2%e9%a1%8c%ef%bc%98%ef%bc%88%e5%bf%9c%e7%94%a8%e5%95%8f%e9%a1%8c%ef%bc%89\"><\/span><u>\u8ab2\u984c\uff18<\/u><u>\uff08\u5fdc\u7528\u554f\u984c\uff09<\/u><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><b><\/b>xy\u5e73\u9762\u4e0a\u306e\u66f2\u7dda\uff0c<\/p>\n<p class=\"ql-center-displayed-equation\" style=\"line-height: 41px;\"><span class=\"ql-right-eqno\"> &nbsp; <\/span><span class=\"ql-left-eqno\"> &nbsp; <\/span><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/home.hiroshima-u.ac.jp\/~mafujii\/wordpress\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-883104c76fa65ab3fcf8d9d3db97fbd9_l3.png\" height=\"41\" width=\"166\" class=\"ql-img-displayed-equation quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#92;&#91;&#121;&#32;&#61;&#32;&#102;&#40;&#120;&#41;&#32;&#61;&#92;&#102;&#114;&#97;&#99;&#123;&#120;&#40;&#120;&#45;&#51;&#41;&#94;&#50;&#125;&#123;&#49;&#43;&#120;&#94;&#50;&#125;&#92;&#93;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\"\/><\/p>\n<p>\u3068<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/home.hiroshima-u.ac.jp\/~mafujii\/wordpress\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-98d07454884773d7bfdf636bed764fa6_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#121;&#61;&#103;&#40;&#120;&#41;&#32;&#61;&#32;&#97;&#126;&#40;&#48;&#60;&#97;&#92;&#108;&#101;&#32;&#50;&#41;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"19\" width=\"192\" style=\"vertical-align: -5px;\"\/>\u306e\u4ea4\u70b9\u3092\u305d\u308c\u305e\u308c<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/home.hiroshima-u.ac.jp\/~mafujii\/wordpress\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-19f92e5ed05f44f75c282a1c81d7c559_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#40;&#32;&#120;&#95;&#48;&#44;&#32;&#97;&#41;&#44;&#32;&#40;&#120;&#95;&#49;&#44;&#32;&#97;&#41;&#44;&#32;&#40;&#120;&#95;&#50;&#44;&#32;&#97;&#41;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"19\" width=\"160\" style=\"vertical-align: -5px;\"\/>\u3068\u3057\u3001<br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/home.hiroshima-u.ac.jp\/~mafujii\/wordpress\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-742ee0b5069acee563a1acd531c87b80_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#120;&#48;&#92;&#108;&#101;&#32;&#120;&#92;&#108;&#101;&#32;&#120;&#95;&#49;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"15\" width=\"92\" style=\"vertical-align: -3px;\"\/>\u3067\u4e8c\u3064\u306e\u66f2\u7dda\u3067\u56f2\u307e\u308c\u305f\u9818\u57df\u306e\u9762\u7a4d\u3092<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/home.hiroshima-u.ac.jp\/~mafujii\/wordpress\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-94366be0a490b276dfa891caf550bb9b_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#83;&#95;&#49;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"15\" width=\"17\" style=\"vertical-align: -3px;\"\/>\uff0c<br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/home.hiroshima-u.ac.jp\/~mafujii\/wordpress\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-ae791981a4c7291c917d28145fc0cc7a_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#120;&#95;&#49;&#92;&#108;&#101;&#32;&#120;&#92;&#108;&#101;&#32;&#120;&#95;&#50;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"15\" width=\"92\" style=\"vertical-align: -3px;\"\/>\u3067\u4e8c\u3064\u306e\u66f2\u7dda\u3067\u56f2\u307e\u308c\u305f\u9818\u57df\u306e\u9762\u7a4d\u3092<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/home.hiroshima-u.ac.jp\/~mafujii\/wordpress\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-42795ee87a3faf709a8854b21544cbf4_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#83;&#95;&#50;\" title=\"Rendered by 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