{"id":1764,"date":"2020-03-29T23:36:38","date_gmt":"2020-03-29T14:36:38","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/home.hiroshima-u.ac.jp\/~zjy\/?page_id=1764"},"modified":"2020-05-15T20:52:51","modified_gmt":"2020-05-15T11:52:51","slug":"general-measures","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/home.hiroshima-u.ac.jp\/~zjy\/covid19\/general-measures\/","title":{"rendered":"General Measures"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><strong><em>Scientific Evidence<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Effects of travel restrictions<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Chinazzi, M., Davis, J. T., Ajelli, M., Gioannini, C., Litvinova, M., Merler, S., &#8230; &amp; Viboud, C. (2020). The effect of travel restrictions on the spread of the 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak.&nbsp;<em><strong>Science<\/strong><\/em>.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Abstract: Motivated by the rapid spread of COVID-19 in Mainland China, we use a global metapopulation disease transmission model to project the impact of travel limitations on the national and international spread of the epidemic. The model is calibrated based on internationally reported cases, and shows that at the start of the travel ban from Wuhan on 23 January 2020, most Chinese cities had already received many infected travelers. The travel quarantine of Wuhan delayed the overall epidemic progression by only 3 to 5 days in Mainland China, but has a more marked effect at the international scale, where case importations were reduced by nearly 80% until mid February. Modeling results also indicate that sustained 90% travel restrictions to and from Mainland China only modestly affect the epidemic trajectory unless combined with a 50% or higher reduction of transmission in the community.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>03\/17: [Nature]&nbsp;<a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/d41586-020-00741-x\" target=\"_blank\">What China\u2019s coronavirus response can teach the rest of the world<\/a><\/li><li>03\/10: [Science]&nbsp;<a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencemag.org\/news\/2020\/03\/does-closing-schools-slow-spread-novel-coronavirus?from=groupmessage&amp;isappinstalled=0\" target=\"_blank\">Does closing schools slow the spread of coronavirus? Past outbreaks provide clues<\/a><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em>Effects of massive gatherings<\/em>:&nbsp;<a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S1477893920300855\" target=\"_blank\">A paper published on Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease<\/a><ul><li>[Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease]&nbsp;<a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S1477893920300995\" target=\"_blank\">The cancellation of mass gatherings (MGs)? Decision making in the time of COVID-19<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><em>Effects of social distancing<\/em>:&nbsp;<a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S2468266720300724\" target=\"_blank\">A paper published on The Lancet Public Health<\/a>\u3000 \u30bd\u30fc\u30b7\u30e3\u30eb \u30c7\u30a3\u30b9\u30bf\u30f3\u30b7\u30f3\u30b0 \u306e\u91cd\u8981\u6027<\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.weforum.org\/agenda\/2020\/04\/machine-learning-model-lockdown-covid19\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">New MIT machine learning model shows relaxing lockdowns will spike COVID-19 cases<\/a><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong>HOWEVER: <\/strong>How much have we learned from history and lessons from other countries?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>https:\/\/www.cnbc.com\/2020\/03\/23\/trump-fed-congress-government-efforts-to-contain-coronavirus-economic-impact.html<\/li><li>March 30, 2020: New York Post &#8211; <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/nypost.com\/2020\/03\/30\/crowds-ignore-social-distancing-rules-to-watch-usns-comfort\/\" target=\"_blank\">Crowds ignore social distancing rules to watch USNS Comfort<\/a><\/li><li><a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/www.jhsph.edu\/covid-19\/articles\/5-ways-the-us-botched-the-response-to-covid-19.html\" target=\"_blank\">5 Ways the U.S. Botched the Response to COVID-19<\/a><ul><li>Widespread testing was delayed and remains inadequate<\/li><li>The U.S. was unable to contain the spread of the virus<\/li><li>The country lacks essential supplies and equipment<\/li><li>Messaging on the virus has been inconsistent and inaccurate<\/li><li>Federal and state agencies failed to coordinate their efforts<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li>03\/23: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cnbc.com\/2020\/03\/23\/trump-fed-congress-government-efforts-to-contain-coronavirus-economic-impact.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Here\u2019s everything the federal government has done to limit the economic destruction of coronavirus<\/a><\/li><li><a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/nationalpost.com\/opinion\/munk-debates-were-making-high-stakes-covid-19-decisions-without-reliable-data\" target=\"_blank\">Munk Debates: We&#8217;re making high-stakes COVID-19 decisions without reliable data<\/a><\/li><li><a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/nationalpost.com\/opinion\/munk-debates-better-to-take-harsh-covid-19-measures-than-gamble-on-unproven-strategies\" target=\"_blank\">Munk Debates: Better to take harsh COVID-19 measures than gamble on unproven strategies<\/a><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\"><p>\u65b0\u578b\u30b3\u30ed\u30ca\u30a6\u30a4\u30eb\u30b9\u3000\u5916\u51fa\u7981\u6b62\u3092\u7121\u8996\u3057\u305f\u4eba\u306b\u5bfe\u3059\u308b\u5404\u56fd\u306e\u5bfe\u5fdc\u306f\u2026\u3000\u3000\u30a4\u30f3\u30c9\u306f\u30e0\u30c1\u6253\u3061\u3084\u8155\u7acb\u3066\u4f0f\u305b\u306e\u5211\u3001\u53f0\u6e7e\u306f\u7f70\u91d1\u53ca\u3073\u5b9f\u540d\u516c\u958b\u3001\u30b9\u30da\u30a4\u30f3\uff1a\u5916\u51fa\u7533\u8acb\u30a2\u30d7\u30ea\u958b\u767a\u3001\u9055\u53cd\u306e\u5834\u5408\u3001\u5927\u304d\u306a\u7f70\u91d1\u3092\u79d1\u3059<\/p><cite><a href=\"https:\/\/fumumu.net\/149407\/\">\u3044\u308d\u3044\u308d\u306a\u30bd\u30fc\u30b9\u304b\u3089<\/a><\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em>Importance of scientific information<\/em>: [The Lancet]&nbsp;<a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0140673620303792\" target=\"_blank\">COVID-19: fighting panic with information<\/a><\/li><li><strong><em>Prof. Shinya Yamanaka\u2019s COVID-19 website<\/em><\/strong>&nbsp;(The 2012 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine):&nbsp;<a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/www.covid19-yamanaka.com\/index.html\" target=\"_blank\">HERE<\/a>&nbsp;(only in Japanese:&nbsp;<strong>\u5c71\u4e2d\u4f38\u5f25\u6559\u6388\u306b\u3088\u308b\u65b0\u578b\u30b3\u30ed\u30ca\u30a6\u30a4\u30eb\u30b9\u60c5\u5831\u767a\u4fe1<\/strong>&nbsp;)<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>(ASEAN)<ul><li><a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/jpn01.safelinks.protection.outlook.com\/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.csis.org%2Fanalysis%2Fsoutheast-asian-responses-covid-19-diversity-face-adversity&amp;data=02%7C01%7Czjy%40hiroshima-u.ac.jp%7C9bb807d85856476db82108d7d3965340%7Cc40454ddb2634926868d8e12640d3750%7C1%7C0%7C637210514904187359&amp;sdata=6jrp3kPbgfWdAjQsqxpw1AEWIhNddt8kpdk%2FiNXmvVk%3D&amp;reserved=0\" target=\"_blank\">Southeast Asian Responses to COVID-19: Diversity in the Face of Adversity<\/a><\/li><li><a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/jpn01.safelinks.protection.outlook.com\/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.asiaone.com%2Fasia%2Fasean-response-covid-19-under-spotlight-crisis-deepens&amp;data=02%7C01%7Czjy%40hiroshima-u.ac.jp%7C9bb807d85856476db82108d7d3965340%7Cc40454ddb2634926868d8e12640d3750%7C1%7C0%7C637210514904197315&amp;sdata=N6Y90QRXvHr9mdOke71hAydXn2yR9VT9J89dRayP%2BTY%3D&amp;reserved=0\" target=\"_blank\">ASEAN response on Covid-19 under spotlight as crisis deepens<\/a><\/li><li>Indonesia March 17, 2020: <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/www.thejakartapost.com\/academia\/2020\/03\/17\/specific-contingency-plans-for-covid-19-urgent.html\" target=\"_blank\">Specific contingency plans for COVID-19 urgent<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li>According to CNN Business: \u201cBill Gates: State-by-state shutdown won\u2019t work. Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation co-founder Bill Gates says that the US should shutdown the entire country for a short period of time to control the spread of the coronavirus and predicts that the number of cases will peak in late April.\u201d<\/li><li>April 10, 2020: <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/www.marketwatch.com\/story\/apple-google-set-to-use-phones-as-coronavirus-tracking-devices-2020-04-10\" target=\"_blank\">Apple, Google set to use phones as coronavirus tracking devices<\/a><\/li><li>The Wall Street Journal COVID-19 Free Resources: <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/livecoverage\/coronavirus?mod=theme_coronavirus-ribbon\" target=\"_blank\">here<\/a><\/li><li>BBC: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/health-51711227\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">What should I do now?<\/a><\/li><li><a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/privacyinternational.org\/examples\/tracking-global-response-covid-19\" target=\"_blank\">Tracking the Global Response to COVID-19<\/a><ul><li><a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/privacyinternational.org\/examples\/telecommunications-data-and-covid-19\" target=\"_blank\">Telecommunications data and Covid-19<\/a><\/li><li><a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/privacyinternational.org\/examples\/apps-and-covid-19\" target=\"_blank\">Apps and Covid-19<\/a><\/li><li><a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/privacyinternational.org\/key-resources\/3547\/covid-19-response-overview-data-and-technology\" target=\"_blank\">Covid-19 response: overview of data and technology<\/a><\/li><li><a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/privacyinternational.org\/examples\/quarantine-enforcement-and-covid-19\" target=\"_blank\">Quarantine enforcement and Covid-19<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/includeplatform.net\/news\/how-covid-19-affects-inequality-in-africa\/\" target=\"_blank\">How COVID-19 affects inequality in Africa<\/a><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-heading\">Major debates<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/verfassungsblog.de\/category\/debates\/fighting-covid-19-debates\/\" target=\"_blank\">DEBATE \u00abFighting COVID 19 &#8211; Verfassungsblog<\/a><\/li><li><a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/debate-how-beijing-is-trying-to-save-face-in-the-global-fight-against-covid-19-134996\" target=\"_blank\">Debate: How Beijing is trying to save face in the global fight against Covid-19<\/a><\/li><li>COVID-19 Munk Debates: <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/munkdebates.com\/podcast\/covid-19\" target=\"_blank\">here<\/a> <\/li><li><a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/www.europarl.europa.eu\/doceo\/document\/CRE-9-2020-03-26-INT-1-103-0000_EN.html\" target=\"_blank\">European coordinated response to the COVID-19 outbreak (debate)<\/a><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/www.vox.com\/coronavirus-covid19\/2020\/3\/27\/21193879\/coronavirus-covid-19-social-distancing-economy-recession-depression\" target=\"_blank\">The debate over ending social distancing to save the economy, explained<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>You can find more debates by searching &#8220;debates about measures against COVID-19&#8221; from Google.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-heading\">Proposals<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>April 17 Nature: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/d41586-020-01121-1?WT.ec_id=NATURE-20200423&amp;utm_source=nature_etoc&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;utm_campaign=20200423&amp;sap-outbound-id=D0926B043014FB1171D6008288B64EC57DF7EF7F\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Withholding funding from the World Health Organization is wrong and dangerous, and must be reversed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Mar 17, 2020 Nature: <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/d41586-020-00772-4\" target=\"_blank\">Coronavirus: three things all governments and their science advisers must do now<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-large-font-size\"><strong>Measures from a Perspective of Social and Behavioral Change<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>(Compass) COVID-19: Resources for Social and Behavior Change: <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/www.thecompassforsbc.org\/trending-topics\/covid-19-resources-social-and-behavior-change\" target=\"_blank\">here<\/a><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-large-font-size\"><strong>Lessons from History<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>[Global Health Journal] <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" aria-label=\"What we have learnt from the SARS epdemics in mainland China? (opens in a new tab)\" href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S2414644719300545\" target=\"_blank\">What we have learnt from the SARS epdemics in mainland China?<\/a><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>VOX: <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/voxeu.org\/vox-talks\/lessons-ebola-crisis-dealing-covid-19\" target=\"_blank\">Lessons from the Ebola crisis on dealing with Covid-19<\/a><\/li><\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Scientific Evidence Effects of travel restrictions Chinazzi, M., Davis, J. T., Ajelli, M., Gioannini, C., Litvinova, M., Merler, S., &#8230; &amp; Viboud, C. (2020). The effect of travel restrictions on the spread of the 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak.&nbsp;Science. Abstract: Motivated by the rapid spread of COVID-19 in Mainland China, we use a global metapopulation&hellip;&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/home.hiroshima-u.ac.jp\/~zjy\/covid19\/general-measures\/\" rel=\"bookmark\">Read More &raquo;<span class=\"screen-reader-text\">General Measures<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":1542,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"neve_meta_sidebar":"","neve_meta_container":"","neve_meta_enable_content_width":"off","neve_meta_content_width":0,"neve_meta_title_alignment":"","neve_meta_author_avatar":"","neve_post_elements_order":"","neve_meta_disable_header":"","neve_meta_disable_footer":"","neve_meta_disable_title":"","footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-1764","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/home.hiroshima-u.ac.jp\/~zjy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1764","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/home.hiroshima-u.ac.jp\/~zjy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/home.hiroshima-u.ac.jp\/~zjy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/home.hiroshima-u.ac.jp\/~zjy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/home.hiroshima-u.ac.jp\/~zjy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1764"}],"version-history":[{"count":29,"href":"https:\/\/home.hiroshima-u.ac.jp\/~zjy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1764\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2364,"href":"https:\/\/home.hiroshima-u.ac.jp\/~zjy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1764\/revisions\/2364"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/home.hiroshima-u.ac.jp\/~zjy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1542"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/home.hiroshima-u.ac.jp\/~zjy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1764"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}