{"id":3171,"date":"2021-05-29T16:44:10","date_gmt":"2021-05-29T07:44:10","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/home.hiroshima-u.ac.jp\/~zjy\/?p=3171"},"modified":"2022-02-20T10:30:43","modified_gmt":"2022-02-20T01:30:43","slug":"urgent-policy","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/home.hiroshima-u.ac.jp\/~zjy\/2021\/05\/29\/urgent-policy\/","title":{"rendered":"COVID-19: Urgent Policy Recommendations \/ \u7dca\u6025\u653f\u7b56\u63d0\u8a00"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Urgent Recommendations for Transport Policies under<\/strong> <strong>the COVID-19<\/strong> <strong>Pandemic<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The following policy recommendations are made based on the findings from a JST J-Rapid research project, titled &#8220;Impacts of COVID-19 on the transport and logistics sector and the countermeasures&#8221; (No. JPMJJR2006).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Balancing infection control and resumption of economic activities<\/strong><strong><\/strong><ul><li>Develop and implement COVID-19 policies as early as possible based on scientific evidence. Monitor the effectiveness of policies during the whole implementation process and revise them in a timely manner if the situation changes.<\/li><\/ul><ul><li>If seamless and strong infection prevention measures, with respect to various types of transportation modes, cannot be taken under a wide range of international cooperation, especially international air travel should not be resumed.<\/li><\/ul><ul><li>Under the current situations where vaccines are not widely vaccinated, if there are signs of infection spread, strict control and prevention policy measures should be taken, as early as possible and for a sufficiently long period of time, to restrict the movement of people, especially in areas where infections are severe.<\/li><\/ul><ul><li>To control the resurgence of widespread infections, the transport sector should further play its role in close cooperation with other sectors. Through the development of legal systems, the transport and public health sectors will work together to control the pandemic. Economic activities should not be resumed unless the situation is sufficiently managed through cross-sectoral collaboration.<\/li><\/ul><ul><li>Balance tourism promotion and infection control by combining quarantine policies, policies of protecting tourists, and firm-led protection measures. Monitor whether various policies are implemented appropriately or not.<\/li><\/ul><ul><li>Implement institutional design, which addresses ethical, legal, and social issues, for balancing infection control and resumption of economic activities.<\/li><\/ul><ul><li>As a global governance issue in response to the pandemic, it is crucial for the international community to actively support developing countries.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Emergency support for interdisciplinary international comparative research<\/strong><strong><\/strong><ul><li>In order to prevent the current chaos during COVID-19 pandemic in many countries all over the world in the event of a future pandemic, it is necessary to urgently and powerfully support interdisciplinary international comparative research, without missing the current very important timing of the current ongoing pandemic, for accumulating scientific evidence with respect to infection mechanisms, the relationship between mobilities\/activities and infection, the influencing mechanisms of policies, the timing and intensity of policies in response to the status of infections, how to take physical distancing between passengers to prevent infection during the use of public transport, and effective combination of different policies, etc.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Behavioral change policy through risk communication based on scientific methods<\/strong><strong><\/strong><ul><li>Decompose the infection process into three stages: &#8220;transport&#8221;, &#8220;activity&#8221;, and &#8220;self-defense&#8221;, and take a cross-sectoral COVID-19 policy in response to different stages.<\/li><\/ul><ul><li>Well inform people through effective risk communication that they may be infected when eating, drinking, or talking during long-distance travel in a vehicle with mutant strains, even if wearing a mask.<\/li><\/ul><ul><li>Thoroughly implement risk communication and infection protection measures, with respect to infection risks during travel and at activity locations, in order to encourage people\u2019s voluntary behavioral changes, by visualizing incentives (e.g., goals of activity restriction, compensation to economic losses caused by activity restriction).<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Planning and implementation of pandemic policies based on scientific methods<\/strong><strong><\/strong><ul><li>Simultaneously make P-A-S-S policies (P: Prepare\u2013Protect\u2013Provide; A: Avoid\u2013Adjust; S: Shift\u2013Share; S: Substitute\u2013Stop), by examining actual conditions and trends of infections, as a policy ecosystem for the whole society.<\/li><\/ul><ul><li>Manage the implementation process of pandemic policies based on the DIRECT approach, consisting of six steps of \u201cdetect\u201d (D), \u201cinform\/intervene\u201d (I), \u201creact\u201d (R), \u201cenlighten\/enforce\/evaluate\u201d (E), \u201ccollaborate\u201d (C), and \u201ctransfer\u201d (T), from a seamless and integrated perspective.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Governance<\/strong><strong><\/strong><ul><li>Take incentive measures for reducing peak-hour public transport demand, shift the peak demand to off-peak hours, and stimulate the off-peak demand.<\/li><\/ul><ul><li>Support public transport that is provided by the private sector, by actively making regional public transport planning based on an administrative system of regional public transport involving various stakeholders.<\/li><\/ul><ul><li>Actively reflect the changes that must be realized into policymaking, instead of waiting for the changes brought about by the pandemic. To this end, the central government should strengthen the policy-making capabilities of local governments that have the best understanding of the actual conditions of traffic problems in daily life and the role of transportation, and the central government should strengthen support for local governments.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Post-pandemic resilient and sustainable development policies<\/strong><strong><\/strong><ul><li>Mandate the development of guidelines and contingency plans based on appropriate institutional design for accounting for future pandemics.<\/li><\/ul><ul><li>Eliminate social exclusion and rebuild confidence in life.<\/li><\/ul><ul><li>Simultaneously implement an inclusive policy of humanitarian assistance and employment measures, and a smart recovery policy that realizes the safety and efficiency of logistics and supply chains through digital technology.<\/li><\/ul><ul><li>Achieve desirable behavioral changes of all stakeholders, such as governments, firms, and citizens, through effective behavioral interventions with high public acceptance and effective social communication, through cross-sectoral collaboration.<\/li><\/ul><ul><li>Use smart technologies to promote telework, diverse work styles, and support a proactive re-consideration of lifestyles and business styles that can maintain and improve quality of life and economic activity without having many long trips.<\/li><\/ul><ul><li>Make large-scale investments on electric mobility (electric vehicles, e-bikes: passengers and cargo), and the use of hydrogen energy in freight traffic and shipping.<\/li><\/ul><ul><li>Implement strict measures to control the use of automobiles, promote more attractive and accessible public transport, and encourage active transport through bold re-location of road spaces and public investment.<\/li><\/ul><ul><li>Rebuild a human-scale urban development that supports high-quality daily life on foot or by bicycle without long travel.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>COVID-19 \u30d1\u30f3\u30c7\u30df\u30c3\u30af\u4e0b\u4ea4\u901a\u904b\u8f38\u653f\u7b56\u306e\u7dca\u6025\u63d0\u8a00<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4ee5\u4e0b\u306f\u3001J-RAPID, Japan Science and Technology (JST) Agency \u201cImpacts of COVID-19 on the transport and logistics sector and countermeasure \/ \u65b0\u578b\u30b3\u30ed\u30ca\u30a6\u30a4\u30eb\u30b9\u306e\u611f\u67d3\u62e1\u5927\u304c\u4ea4\u901a\u904b\u8f38\u30fb\u30ed\u30b8\u30b9\u30c6\u30a3\u30af\u30b9\u90e8\u9580\u306b\u4e0e\u3048\u308b\u5f71\u97ff\u3068\u305d\u306e\u5bfe\u5fdc\u7b56\u201d (2020 \u2013 2021)\u306e\u7814\u7a76\u6210\u679c\u3092\u3082\u3068\u306b\u307e\u3068\u3081\u305f\u7dca\u6025\u653f\u7b56\u63d0\u8a00\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong><em>\u611f\u67d3\u6291\u5236\u3068\u7d4c\u6e08\u6d3b\u52d5\u518d\u958b\u3068\u306e\u4e21\u7acb<\/em><\/strong><ul><li>COVID-19\u653f\u7b56\u306f\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u306b\u8a3c\u660e\u3055\u308c\u305f\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u306a\u30a8\u30d3\u30c7\u30f3\u30b9\u306b\u57fa\u3065\u304d\u3001\u65e9\u3044\u30bf\u30a4\u30df\u30f3\u30b0\u3067\u7acb\u6848\u30fb\u5b9f\u65bd\u3059\u308b\u3002\u5b9f\u65bd\u904e\u7a0b\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u653f\u7b56\u306e\u52b9\u679c\u3092\u304d\u3061\u3093\u3068\u30e2\u30cb\u30bf\u30ea\u30f3\u30b0\u3057\u3001\u72b6\u6cc1\u304c\u5909\u308f\u308c\u3070\u30bf\u30a4\u30e0\u30ea\u30fc\u306b\u305d\u306e\u653f\u7b56\u3092\u898b\u76f4\u3059\u3002<\/li><li>\u5e45\u5e83\u3044\u56fd\u969b\u9023\u643a\u306e\u3082\u3068\u3067\u5404\u7a2e\u4ea4\u901a\u6a5f\u95a2\u3092\u542b\u3080\u30b7\u30fc\u30e0\u30ec\u30b9\u3067\u5f37\u529b\u306a\u611f\u67d3\u4e88\u9632\u7b56\u3092\u8b1b\u3058\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u3001\u7279\u306b\u56fd\u969b\u822a\u7a7a\u5229\u7528\u306f\u518d\u958b\u3057\u3066\u306f\u3044\u3051\u306a\u3044\u3002<\/li><li>\u30ef\u30af\u30c1\u30f3\u304c\u5e83\u304f\u63a5\u7a2e\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u72b6\u6cc1\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u306f\u3001\u611f\u67d3\u62e1\u5927\u306e\u5146\u5019\u304c\u3042\u308c\u3070\u3001\u611f\u67d3\u304c\u6df1\u523b\u306a\u5730\u57df\u3092\u4e2d\u5fc3\u306b\u3001\u53b3\u3057\u3044\u6291\u5236\u30fb\u9632\u6b62\u653f\u7b56\u30fb\u5bfe\u7b56\u3092\u3088\u308a\u65e9\u3044\u30bf\u30a4\u30df\u30f3\u30b0\u3067\u3001\u5145\u5206\u306b\u9577\u3044\u671f\u9593\u3092\u304b\u3051\u3066\u3001\u4eba\u3005\u306e\u79fb\u52d5\u3092\u5236\u9650\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/li><li>\u5e83\u7bc4\u56f2\u306b\u308f\u305f\u308b\u611f\u67d3\u306e\u518d\u767a\u3092\u5236\u5fa1\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001\u4ea4\u901a\u90e8\u9580\u306f\u4ed6\u306e\u90e8\u9580\u3068\u306e\u7dca\u5bc6\u306a\u5354\u529b\u306e\u4e0b\u3067\u3001\u305d\u306e\u5f79\u5272\u3092\u3082\u3063\u3068\u679c\u305f\u3059\u3002\u6cd5\u5236\u5ea6\u306e\u6574\u5099\u3092\u901a\u3058\u3066\u3001\u4ea4\u901a\u90e8\u9580\u3068\u516c\u8846\u885b\u751f\u90e8\u9580\u306f\u5354\u50cd\u3057\u3066\u30d1\u30f3\u30c7\u30df\u30c3\u30af\u306e\u6291\u5236\u306b\u52aa\u3081\u308b\u3002\u90e8\u9580\u9593\u9023\u643a\u306e\u3082\u3068\u3067\u5341\u5206\u306b\u7ba1\u7406\u3055\u308c\u305f\u72b6\u6cc1\u3067\u306a\u3044\u3068\u3001\u7d4c\u6e08\u6d3b\u52d5\u3092\u518d\u958b\u3057\u3066\u306f\u3044\u3051\u306a\u3044\u3002<\/li><li>\u691c\u75ab\u653f\u7b56\u3001\u89b3\u5149\u8005\u4fdd\u8b77\u653f\u7b56\u3068\u4f01\u696d\u4e3b\u5c0e\u578b\u4fdd\u8b77\u5bfe\u7b56\u3092\u7d44\u307f\u5408\u308f\u305b\u3066\u3001\u89b3\u5149\u632f\u8208\u3068\u611f\u67d3\u6291\u5236\u306e\u4e21\u7acb\u3092\u56f3\u308b\u3002\u5404\u7a2e\u653f\u7b56\u306e\u5b9f\u65bd\u306b\u3042\u305f\u308a\u3001\u9069\u5207\u306b\u5b9f\u65bd\u3055\u308c\u308b\u304b\u3069\u3046\u304b\u3092\u30e2\u30cb\u30bf\u30ea\u30f3\u30b0\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/li><li>\u502b\u7406\u7684\u30fb\u6cd5\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u30fb\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u8ab2\u984c\u306e\u89e3\u6c7a\u3092\u4fdd\u8a3c\u3059\u308b\u5236\u5ea6\u8a2d\u8a08\u3092\u884c\u3063\u305f\u3046\u3048\u3067\u3001\u7d4c\u6e08\u6d3b\u52d5\u306e\u518d\u958b\u3068\u611f\u67d3\u62e1\u5927\u6291\u5236\u306e\u4e21\u7acb\u3092\u56f3\u308b\u3002<\/li><li>\u30d1\u30f3\u30c7\u30df\u30c3\u30af\u306b\u5bfe\u3059\u308b\u30b0\u30ed\u30fc\u30d0\u30eb\u30ac\u30d0\u30ca\u30f3\u30b9\u554f\u984c\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u56fd\u969b\u793e\u4f1a\u304b\u3089\u9014\u4e0a\u56fd\u306b\u5bfe\u3059\u308b\u7a4d\u6975\u7684\u306a\u652f\u63f4\u3092\u884c\u3046\u3002<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><strong><em>\u5b66\u969b\u7684\u56fd\u969b\u6bd4\u8f03\u7814\u7a76\u3078\u306e\u7dca\u6025\u652f\u63f4<\/em><\/strong><ul><li>\u611f\u67d3\u30e1\u30ab\u30cb\u30ba\u30e0\u3001\u79fb\u52d5\u30fb\u6d3b\u52d5\u3068\u611f\u67d3\u3068\u306e\u95a2\u4fc2\u3001\u653f\u7b56\u306e\u5f71\u97ff\u30e1\u30ab\u30cb\u30ba\u30e0\u3001\u611f\u67d3\u72b6\u6cc1\u306b\u5fdc\u3058\u305f\u653f\u7b56\u306e\u5b9f\u65bd\u30bf\u30a4\u30df\u30f3\u30b0\u3068\u53b3\u683c\u3055\u3001\u79fb\u52d5\u4e2d\u306e\u611f\u67d3\u3092\u9632\u6b62\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u4e57\u5ba2\u9593\u306e\u30d5\u30a3\u30b8\u30ab\u30eb\u30c7\u30a3\u30b9\u30bf\u30f3\u30b7\u30f3\u30b0\u3092\u3069\u3046\u3084\u3063\u3066\u3068\u308b\u304b\u3001\u7570\u306a\u308b\u653f\u7b56\u306e\u52b9\u679c\u7684\u306a\u7d44\u307f\u5408\u308f\u305b\u306a\u3069\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u3001\u5c06\u6765\u306e\u30d1\u30f3\u30c7\u30df\u30c3\u30af\u306e\u3068\u304d\u306b\u4e8c\u5ea6\u3068\u4eca\u56de\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u6df7\u4e71\u304c\u306a\u3044\u3088\u3046\u306b\u3001\u30d1\u30f3\u30c7\u30df\u30c3\u30af\u7d99\u7d9a\u4e2d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u975e\u5e38\u306b\u91cd\u8981\u306a\u4eca\u306e\u30bf\u30a4\u30df\u30f3\u30b0\u3092\u898b\u9003\u3055\u305a\u306b\u3001\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u306a\u30a8\u30d3\u30c7\u30f3\u30b9\u3092\u84c4\u7a4d\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306e\u5e45\u5e83\u3044\u5206\u91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Recommendations for Transport Policies under the COVID-19 Pandemic The following policy recommendations are made based on the findings from a JST J-Rapid research project, titled &#8220;Impacts of COVID-19 on the transport and logistics sector and the countermeasures&#8221; (No. JPMJJR2006). Balancing infection control and resumption of economic activities Develop and implement COVID-19 policies as early&hellip;&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/home.hiroshima-u.ac.jp\/~zjy\/2021\/05\/29\/urgent-policy\/\" rel=\"bookmark\">Read More &raquo;<span class=\"screen-reader-text\">COVID-19: Urgent Policy Recommendations \/ \u7dca\u6025\u653f\u7b56\u63d0\u8a00<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"neve_meta_sidebar":"","neve_meta_container":"","neve_meta_enable_content_width":"off","neve_meta_content_width":0,"neve_meta_title_alignment":"","neve_meta_author_avatar":"","neve_post_elements_order":"","neve_meta_disable_header":"","neve_meta_disable_footer":"","neve_meta_disable_title":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3171","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/home.hiroshima-u.ac.jp\/~zjy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3171","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/home.hiroshima-u.ac.jp\/~zjy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/home.hiroshima-u.ac.jp\/~zjy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/home.hiroshima-u.ac.jp\/~zjy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/home.hiroshima-u.ac.jp\/~zjy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3171"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/home.hiroshima-u.ac.jp\/~zjy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3171\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3443,"href":"https:\/\/home.hiroshima-u.ac.jp\/~zjy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3171\/revisions\/3443"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/home.hiroshima-u.ac.jp\/~zjy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3171"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/home.hiroshima-u.ac.jp\/~zjy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3171"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/home.hiroshima-u.ac.jp\/~zjy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3171"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}